Refutations

A Qur'an- and Sunni-source study explaining the true meaning of "Mother of the Believers," its legal purpose, and why it does not imply infallibility or heavenly

An evidence-based study of the Sunni fiqh ruling permitting the killing and eating of a human in extreme necessity, and a critical response to TwelverShia.net

A rijal-based response examining the chain, transmitters, and gradings of a disputed Shia hadith using al-Majlisi, al-Tusi, al-Hilli, al-Khoei, and other classical s

A study of Sunni hadith methodology examining when a weak (da‘if) narration may be accepted, strengthened, acted upon, or raised to Hasan according to leading Sunni

An evidence-based study of Sunni hadith methodology showing what the term “Sahih” actually means according to Ibn al-Salah, al-Nawawi, Ibn Hajar, al-'Iraqi, and more

A Sunni-source analysis of Rabi'ah ibn Umayyah, the definition of a Sahabi, apostasy after meeting the Prophet ﷺ, and the Hawd narrations in Sahih al-Bukhari.

A critical examination of the claim that early Shia sources taught thirteen Imams, analyzing al-Kafi, Kitab Sulaym, variant narrations, and Twelver hadith methodolog

A study of the Hadith of the Twelve Caliphs, examining whether it refers to political rulers or divinely guided successors, with Sunni and Shia evidence.

A response to claims of inconsistency in Shia reports, explaining why variations in the repeated names Muhammad and Ali do not change the number of Twelve Imams.

A study of early Shia evidence for the Twelve Imams, examining Hadith al-Khidr, al-Kafi, pre-occultation transmission, and claims that the names were fabricated late

A comparative study of the Hadith of the Twelve Caliphs, examining Sunni scholarly interpretations alongside the Shia identification of the Twelve Imams.

A critical study of Hadith al-Safinah in Sunni and Shia sources, examining its chains, disputed narrators, scholarly gradings, and supporting routes.